What is the difference in saying that something is pious because the gods love it and saying that the gods love something because it is pious?

	A.	THERE IS ULTIMATELY NO DIFFERENCE
	B.	THE DIFFERENCE IN SAYING THAT SOMETHING IS PIOUS BECAUSE THE GODS LOVE IT AND SAYING THAT THE GODS LOVE SOMETHING BECAUSE IT IS PIOUS IS THAT THE FIRST ASSERTS THAT THERE IS SUCH A QUALITY AS THE PIOUS AND IT IS BECAUSE OF THIS QUALITY THAT THE PIOUS IS LOVED. THE SECOND ASSERTS THAT WHATEVER THE GODS LOVE IS PIOUS (I.E., THAT PIETY HAS NO INSTRINSIC QUALITY). UNDER THIS DEFINITION, IF THE GODS LOVE SUICIDE BOMBERS, THIS WOULD BE PIOUS.
	C.	THE DIFFERENCE IN SAYING THAT SOMETHING IS PIOUS BECAUSE THE GODS LOVE IT AND SAYING THAT THE GODS LOVE SOMETHING BECAUSE IT IS PIOUS IS THAT THE FIRST ASSERTS THAT WHATEVER THE GODS LOVE IS PIOUS (I.E., THAT PIETY HAS NO INTRINSIC QUALITY). UNDER THIS DEFINITION, IF THE GODS LOVE SUICIDE BOMBERS, THIS WOULD BE PIOUS. THE SECOND ASSERTS THAT THERE IS SUCH A QUALITY AS THE PIOUS AND IT IS BECAUSE OF THIS QUALITY THAT THE PIOUS IS LOVED.
	D.	NONE OF THE ABOVE

6 points

QUESTION 2

Socrates’ trial, conviction, and execution by the city of Athens for allegedly “corrupting the youth” suggests that

	A.	PLATO’S CAVE ALLEGORY REFLECTS THE TRUTH ABOUT MANKIND’S GENERAL ANTIPATHY TO PHILOSOPHY
	B.	MOST PEOPLE ARE NOT OPEN-MINDED TOWARD THOSE WHO CRITICIZE THEIR BELIEFS
	C.	THE “EXAMINED LIFE” SHALL ALWAYS REMAIN THE EXCLUSIVE PRESERVE OF A SMALL MINORITY OF INDIVIDUALS EQUIPPED WITH THE MIND, THE COURAGE, AND THE RESOLVE TO SEARCH FOR THE TRUTH
	D.	MOST PEOPLE CANNOT OR WILL NOT SHAKE THEIR DEPENDENCE ON AUTHORITATIVE OPINION
	E.	ALL OF THE ABOVE

6 points

QUESTION 3

For Plato, the process whereby an individual leaves his or her state of ignorance will occur by

	A.	BEING DRAGGED OUT RELUCTANTLY AND FORCED INTO THE LIGHT OF TRUTH
	B.	INDIVIDUALLY BREAKING LOOSE OF THE CHAINS OF IGNORANCE AND BRAVELY PURSUING THE TRUTH ON ONE’S OWN
	C.	CONFORMING CLOSELY TO WHAT ONE HAS BEEN RAISED TO BELIEVE
	D.	TAKING A LEAP OF FAITH AND EMBRACING RELIGION

6 points

QUESTION 4

In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, the Sun is to the shadows of the cave

A.

as opinion is to knowledge

B.

as emotion is to opinion

C.

as fantasy is to reality

D.

as reality is to illusion

6 points

QUESTION 5

What is wrong with Euthyphro’s second definition of the pious?

A. IT LEADS TO A CONTRADITION

B. IT IGNORES THAT ZEUS IS THE MOST JUST OF THE GODS

C. THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH EUTHYPHRO’S SECOND DEFINITION OF THE PIOUS

D. NONE OF THE ABOVE

6 points

QUESTION 6

According to Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, the puppeteers holding up objects whose shadows are cast onto the cave wall may represent each of the following EXCEPT:

	A.	those who influence the way people understand the world around them
	B.	law givers and founders of nations
	C.	The philosophers who question, evaluate, and critically examine the authoritative opinions of their communities.
	D.	None of the above

6 points

QUESTION 7

Which of the following views does Euthyphro adhere to?

	A.	THE GODS LOVE A PIOUS ACT BECAUSE IT IS PIOUS
	B.	PIETY IS IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER
	C.	A PIOUS ACT IS PIOUS BECAUSE THE GODS LOVE IT
	D.	The gods love a pious act because it is rational

6 points

QUESTION 8

If the betterment of the youth (i.e., education in the classical sense) requires a certain expertise, then

	A.	IT MAKES SENSE TO ARGUE THAT MOST EVERYONE MAKES THE YOUTH WORSE
	B.	IT MAKES SENSE TO ARGUE THAT MOST EVERYONE MAKES THE YOUTH BETTER
	C.	PEOPLE WHO COMMIT INVOLUNTARY HARM OUGHT TO BE PUNISHED
	D.	HORSE TRAINERS CAN USE THEIR EXPERT KNOWLEDGE TO TEACH HUMAN BEINGS
	E.	KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN NATURE IS IRRELEVANT

6 points

QUESTION 9

According to Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, philosophy

	A.	is hard work
	B.	examines our most basic assumptions
	C.	seeks to liberate us from “groupthink”
	D.	allows us to distinguish reality from mere appearances
	E.	All of the above

6 points

QUESTION 10

One thing Socrates does NOT say during his defense speech at his trial is that

	A.	The wise man will not make judgments about other people, but respect all lifestyles equally, regardless of whether one lives an examined life or not.
	B.	Ever since childhood a little voice has warned me whenever I was about to be in danger.
	C.	I will never stop philosophyzing
	D.	Nobody knows whether death may not be the greatest good for a human being.
	E.	The unexamined life is not worth living.

6 points

QUESTION 11

In the Allegory of the Cave, Socrates describes

	A.	a group of people existing in ignorance at the bottom of a cave
	B.	a group of philosophers enjoying themselves in the cave of ignorance
	C.	an individual finding the secrets of the universe in the bottom of a cave
	D.	None of the above

6 points

QUESTION 12

In response to a question from Socrates’ friend Chaerephon, the oracle of Apollo at Delphi declared that

	A.	Socrates was fated to die a violent death
	B.	The Athenians should declare war against Sparta
	C.	No one was wiser than Socrates
	D.	Socrates had failed to worship the traditional gods.

6 points

QUESTION 13

According to the Allegory of the Cave, the process of getting out of the cave is

	A.	disorienting, painful, and gradual
	B.	easy, fun, and quick
	C.	an act that curious humans do quite naturally on their own, without any compulsion
	D.	none of the above

6 points

QUESTION 14

Which of the following views does Socrates adhere to?

	A.	The gods love a pious act because it is pious
	B.	PIETY IS IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER
	C.	A PIOUS ACT IS PIOUS BECAUSE THE GODS LOVE IT
	D.	THE GODS LOVE A PIOUS ACT BECAUSE IT IS GRATIFYING

6 points

QUESTION 15

What is wrong with Euthyphro’s first definition of the pious?

A. IT IS NOT A DEFINITION, BUT AT BEST A MERE EXAMPLE

B. IT IS TOO ABSTRACT

C. THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH EUTHYPHRO’S FIRST DEFINITION OF THE PIOUS

D. NONE OF THE ABOVE

6 points

QUESTION 16

Death, according to Socrates in the Apology,

	A.	is deprivation of sensation
	B.	leads directly to the afterlife
	C.	is either an eternal dreamless sleep or a journey to another world
	D.	invovles reincarnation into a new soul

6 points

QUESTION 17

Socrates sought to refute the Delphic Oracle’s claim that no one was wiser than he because

	A.	HE BELIEVED IT HAD TO BE FALSE BECAUSE SOCRATES KNEW THAT HE KNEW NOTHING, AND THEREFORE COULD NOT BE WISE
	B.	AS AN ATHEIST, SOCRATES WOULD NEVER TAKE SERIOUSLY ANYTHING AN ORACLE SAYS.
	C.	as a believer in the city’s gods, Socrates did believe the oracle all along, but kept it to himself.
	D.	ALL OF THE ABOVE

6 points

QUESTION 18

The main thing Socrates wants Euthyphro to teach him is

A. WHY THE GODS QUARREL

B. WHAT JUSTICE IS

C. WHAT MAKES SOMETHING PIOUS

D. WHAT THE MANY BELIEVE PIETY TO BE

6 points

QUESTION 19

Socrates proposes that he be given free meals for life in the Prytaneum because

	A.	he exhorts his fellow citizens to love themselves for who they are, even if they are ignorant and in need of instruction.
	B.	he exhorts his fellow citizens to care for their souls by living the “examined life.”
	C.	his public refutations of political elites are so fun to watch
	D.	he promotes tolerance and respect for all opinions, even the most ignorant ones

6 points

QUESTION 20

As a result of his questioning of politicians, poets, and craftsmen, Socrates concluded that

	A.	his own wisdom consisted in realizing that he was ignorant
	B.	they knew far more than he did about the good, the just, and the beautiful
	C.	everyone should pursue the occupation for which he or she is best suited
	D.	they all had complete self-knowledge

6 points

QUESTION 21

If all that is pious is just, but not all that is just is pious, what is the relation between justice and piety?

	A.	PIETY IS A PART OF JUSTICE. THE SAME RELATION WOULD HOLD BETWEEN NATIVE TEXANS AND AMERICANS WHEN ONE SAYS THAT ALL NATIVE TEXANS ARE AMERICANS BUT NOT ALL AMERICANS ARE NATIVE TEXANS.
	B.	JUSTICE IS A PART OF PIETY. THE SAME RELATION WOULD HOLD BETWEEN NATIVE TEXANS AND AMERICANS WHEN ONE SAYS THAT ALL NATIVE TEXANS ARE AMERICANS BUT NOT ALL AMERICANS ARE NATIVE TEXANS.
	C.	PIETY AND JUSTICE ARE REALLY ONE AND THE SAME, SO THAT ALL JUST ACTIONS ARE PIOUS AND ALL PIOUS ACTIONS ARE JUST.
	D.	PIETY AND JUSTICE ARE REALLY OPPOSITES, BECAUSE IF A PIOUS ACTION IS PIOUS BECAUSE THE GODS LOVE IT, AND THE GODS LOVE UNJUST ACTIONS (LIKE ZEUS SWALLOWING HIS OWN SONS), THEN PIETY AND INJUSTICE GO HAND IN HAND.

6 points

QUESTION 22

The penultimate paragraph of Plato’s Myth of the Cave in your textbook suggests which of the following?

	A.	we are all philosophers
	B.	universal enlightenment is an achievable goal
	C.	universal enlightenment is NOT an achievable goal
	D.	mankind is generally favorable to philosophy

6 points

QUESTION 23

“Human wisdom” (as opposed to “divine wisdom”) consists in

A.

self-knowledge, or awareness of ignorance

B.

technical skill

C.

comprehensive knowledge of the good, the just, and the beautiful

D.

ignorance of ignorance

6 points

QUESTION 24

What is the goal of philosophy, according to Plato’s Allegory of the Cave?

A.

Freedom

B.

Independence

C.

Truth

D.

All of the above

6 points

QUESTION 25

Euthyphro finally defines the pious, not as what is beneficial to the gods, but as what is pleasing to them. What is wrong with this definition?

	A.	IT MAKES MORE SENSE TO DEFINE THE PIOUS AS WHAT IS BENEFICIAL TO THE GODS, RATHER THAN AS WHAT IS PLEASING TO THEM.
	B.	IT RETURNS US TO THE ORIGINAL DIFFICULTY. THAT QUALITY OR ESSENCE THAT IS SAID TO BE PLEASING TO THE GODS IS NOT PER SE DEFINED BY THIS FACT.
	C.	IT FAILS TO ACCOUNT FOR THE FACT THAT THE GODS ARE ONLY PLEASED BY WHAT IS INTRINSICALLY JUST.
	D.	THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH THIS FINAL DEFINITION.

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	A.	as opinion is to knowledge
	B.	as emotion is to opinion
	C.	as fantasy is to reality
	D.	as reality is to illusion

	A.	Freedom
	B.	Independence
	C.	Truth
	D.	All of the above