Ethical guidelines and regulations on biomedical research

Consider the driving force that made us shape ethical guidelines for biomedical research. What were the drafters’ original intentions to create the Nuremberg Code, the WMA Declaration of Helsinki, or the Belmont Report? What are the essential messages of these guidelines?

Consider the shortcomings of these major codes of ethics or other regulations developed in the past. Why were some of them ineffective, and how have we improved them?

Consider current guidelines and regulations in the US and worldwide. What are their essences? Are they consistent, reasonable, and practicable? If you think these guidelines and regulations are still ineffective, how can we improve on them?